Corrections Trend Evaluation Free Essays

Corrections Trend Evaluation Daysha Hopkins CJA-394 May 7, 2012 Hector Garcia Ed. D Abstract Throughout the United States, there are many correctional facilities that house thousands of inmates. Individuals who work within these facilities have a tough job in maintaining the prison facility and the inmates. We will write a custom essay sample on Corrections Trend Evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Correctional officers are called the front line workers and are responsible for looking after the inmates. The officers who work for the correctional facility deal with issues that may arise inside and outside of the facility. The subject to discuss is to evaluate the past, present, and future trends pertaining to the development and operation of institutional community based corrections. An identification and analysis of current and future issues facing prisons and prison administrators today and the role/issue of alternate correction systems as a developing trend will also be discussed. Past, Present, and Future Trends that Pertain to Institutional Community Based Corrections There are many different trends that correctional facilities have used in the past and these trends have continued on to modern day. Many people may wonder if these trends are going to continue into the future or if these trends can be put to a stop. One trend that correctional facilities have used in the past and has carried on into the future was the lack of rehabilitation services that are offered to inmates. When inmates go to a correctional facility it is usually because of crime that the inmate has committed. There are many reasons why an inmate can be sent to a correctional facility, these reasons can be from drug abuse, committing murder, or something from the individual’s life-style that has triggered this behavior. Because of reasons such as the ones listed above, the inmate(s) should be allowed to get treatment or go through a rehabilitation program so that there is an understanding of where the problems first began. The purpose of rehabilitation is to educate offenders and motivate offenders to make a better life for themselves and everyone around them when he or she is released from the facility (Saunders, M. ,2006). There is not enough data that shows that treatment and rehabilitation programs will reduce criminal behavior in an offender and keep the offender from re-offending. Once an offender is released from an institution, he or she may have an idea about the way an institution is ran by his or her demeanor and attitude one he or she is released from the facility. Community based correction programs are about as important as a lock-down facility. These types of programs are designed to hold the inmate accountable for his or her actions, but also hold the communities responsible for reducing crime. Individuals who work toward reducing crime with the help of community based programs are also working hard to keep the community members involved in reducing crime, but also help the community understand how to manage offenders and get the offenders reintegrated back into the community (Evans, D. , 2004). Another trend that has caused issues for correctional facilities is gangs within the prison facility. Gangs within a correctional facility have been an ongoing issue for many years. There are so many members of gangs that are incarcerated and these gang members when brought into a correctional facility also bring his or her beliefs that his or her gang is the best. When members of the same gang become incarcerated in the same correctional facility, the prison gang grows and this causes a risk in harming the other inmates as well as the staff that works for the correctional facility. One main issue with gang members incarcerated is that the members are still able to communicate with each other and other members who are on the outside of the correctional facility. Gang members who are incarcerated continue to work and communicate with his or her members on the outside. There are also members of other gangs who are murdered while incarcerated because of the communication going on from one member to another whether the gang member was incarcerated or the gang member was on the outside (Cohn, 2006). Current and Future Issues Facing Prisons and Prison Administrators One of the biggest issues that prisons and prison administrators are facing today is over-crowding. There are so many offenders who are imprisoned and there is not enough space for all these inmates to be placed, but this does not stop prisons from getting more inmates. This issue is not only a huge problem, but it is a burden on the prison system, the administrators, and state and local governments. Not only is over-crowding a problem, but there is also not enough funding for these prisons with the amount of inmates that the correctional facilities are trying to hold. Many researchers have said that privatizing prisons may be a better solution for the criminal justice administration, but in all reality, the cost is about the same. The main issue that private ran facilities have is management. Private facilities have been scrutinized for the way that inmates are treated and the amount of health services inmates are getting. Another issue that prison and prison administrators are facing today is the re-entry of inmates back into society. Many inmates need to have basic knowledge of being in communities and to do this; some inmates are allowed to work in the community. When an inmate works in the community and then commits a crime, then the community might think badly of the correctional facility that the offender was released from. Before an inmate is released back into the community, the inmate needs to go through a treatment program to work on his or her needs before interacting within the public. Without the funds for these programs, there could be a huge issue for the criminal justice administrations, the community, and the prison that the inmates are housed at. Community based programs are great programs for inmates to get involved with because this gives the inmate the opportunity to learn basic social skills, independent living skills, life skills, and job skills. These programs also allow for inmates to show the public what he or she is about and that he or she can do things right. These programs are also designed to help inmates learn the right ways of life and to also test them to see if he or she is ready to be released back into society or if he or she needs to be incarcerated for a little longer. Sometimes, the criminal justice system looks at restorative justice for inmates instead of a correctional facility (Inayatullah, 2002). With restorative justice, inmates work toward building relationships with the people that he or she has committed a crime against, such as the community and its members. Restorative justice is less expensive because the inmate is not locked down in a facility, but is in a rehabilitation facility. Conclusion There is so much to speak about when it comes to prisons and if the prison facilities are actually helping inmates to become better members of his or her community or if there is more harm taking place. Prison administrators work hard to try and change the inmates and instilling values into the inmates, but over-crowding and underfunding is a big issue that the facilities are facing. There is so much to be done in the future in order to help the corrections system for example, building more facilities, restorative justice, and placing inmates into community based programs to help the inmate work on his or her individual needs. References: Saunders, M. , (2006), The Evolution of Correctional Programs, http://www. aca. rg/pastpresentfuture/archivemessages. asp Cohn, E. , (2006), The Gang Culture Continues To Grow, http://www. aca. org/pastpresentfuture/archivemessages. asp Evans, D. , (2004), http://www. aca. org/pastpresentfuture/archivemessages. asp Austin, J. , Coventry, G. , (2001), Emerging Issues on Privatized Prisons, https://www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles1/bja/181249. pdf Inayatullah, S. , (2002), Scanning For Correctional Futures, http://www. metafuture. org/Scanning%20for%20Corre ctional%20Futures%20%20Executive%20Summary. pdf How to cite Corrections Trend Evaluation, Essay examples Corrections Trend Evaluation Free Essays This paper is the writer’s evaluation based on research of past, present, and future correction trends In regard to the development and Implementation of institutional and community based corrections. There Is an urgent need to revamp the antiquated practice of the crime control methodology. The get tough on crime approach requires harsh sentencing laws that subject non-violent offenders to harsh sentencing laws. We will write a custom essay sample on Corrections Trend Evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now This has dramatically contributed to escalated prison populations. Reallocation and retribution is ineffective and has resulted in high recidivism rates. Inadequate rehabilitation programs that lack proper funding and substance and long determinate sentences make prison a revolving door for those inmates who lack family support in regard to financial and moral support. Convicted felons are not likely to find suitable employment because they lack the skill or viable training to prepare them for reintegration into society. The get tough on crime, or crime control method of Justice is a proven failure and the corrections system is faced with the task f revamping the system that reduces costs and addresses rehabilitation in serious manner. The switch to alternative sentencing Is the new trend in regard to punishing criminals. Alternative sentencing already affects almost twice the number of persons convicted of crimes. The prison population Is aging and the medical cost of these inmates is at levels that could not have been anticipated. The prisons are old and out dated and do dot conform to the needs of the aging prisoners. Specialized medical needs, inadequate space, and structural designs that are needed to make access to he prison facilities easier for older prisoners are not in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. (ACT). This further exacerbates the problem of diminished budgets by forcing the state and federal governments to settle lawsuits filed by inmates. Past The past methods of corrections evolved into several approaches in regard to punishment. In colonial days, prisoners were subjected to severe forms of corporal punishment that Included whipping and hanging. Theses physical types of punishments were condoned by the public and were accepted as Just and served as a deterrent for committing crimes. There was the medical approach that emphasized treatment for the offender and provided rehabilitation in the form of learning a trade offender become a productive part of society while they were incapacitated in prison or Jail. There were even attempts to lessen the severity of sentencing for capital offences. This was the first form of alternative sentencing. With the advent of prisons, there was a problem with disorderly conduct. This was mainly because there were no activities that adequately occupied the time of inmates. The earlier models of prisons were self-contained industrial compounds. Prisoners were actively engaged and prison sold the products the inmates produced. This made the prisons self-sufficient and gave the prison population trades that could be used when they were released. The depression was the reason for the collapse of the industrial model. Citizens were upset that prisoners were making products that could be manufactured by the citizens. Legislation was enacted that prevented prisons from making products that competed with civilian factories. The reasoning implied that the prisoners were there to be punished. This was the end of the industrial prison. New prisons had to be constructed to house the inmates because the industrial prisons were no longer adequate in regard to housing inmates. Prison administrator developed recreational activities such as movies and sports to mitigate the idle time of inmates. This was not as structured as the industrial prison model, but it occupied their time and quelled the frequent outbreaks of violence. Murrain’s and Roberts, 2009, â€Å"Chapter 16, Cycles in Orientation Towards the Sentencing of Criminal Offenders†). Present The sass’s presented a problem for the legislative branch of the government and orison officials. The general public did not feel safe in their communities. This prompted a get tough on crime approach that was based on the crime control mode l. This system was designed to incarcerate offenders for extended periods of time. Public sentiment drives the legislative process in regard to the laws that are enacted to control crime. There is also the belief that the politicians are solely responsible for the laws. The writer believes that the will of the citizens ultimately drives the legislation. There is evidentially support provided to support this. The enactment of three criteria regarding sentencing is an example of the citizens not feeling safe in their communities and the politicians reacting by passing laws that represent their sentiment. The sentencing called for enhanced punishments for repeat or habitual offenders, determinate sentencing, and safeguards that provided fair and equitable punishments regardless of the racial and ethnic make-up of the accused. There was legislation enacted that ensured that sentencing adhered to a standard that is non- discriminatory in nature and delivered Just deserts to the offenders. There were two legislative mandates that were enacted to provide oversight and regulate sentencing. The Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 and the Sentencing Reform Act are interrelated in that one regulates the other. The Crime Control law focuses on the punishment and establishes sentencing criterion that is harsher and the Sentencing Reform Act establishes a standard in regard to applying the actual sentence to offenders. These programs are directed toward violent or severe offenders. Legislative initiatives include enhanced sanctions for sexual offenders as well. Habitual offender statute is widely accepted and used by the majority of the states. Most offenders are considered career felony offenders and incapacitation is a deterrent and a solution to get these offenders off the streets forever. This process because of mandatory minimums, and other determinate sentencing criteria. The habitual sentencing provides a problem regard to defining what felonies would fit the criteria as habitual. According to the law as it is written a felony is a felony. Now the statute presents treatment unfair to those offenders who have committed non-violent fences, but are considered habitual in the true sense of the statute. Career criminals use the law to avoid the statute by committing crimes in different jurisdictions. The problem with this statute is that there is no standard in regard to what type of felony is defined as a determining factor for this sentencing criterion. Truth in sentencing can be effective as a deterrent, but there is clarification that needs to happen. It is important to apply the law in a fair and equitable manner. The law is for habitual criminals who commit crimes of a violent nature, with guns or paeans, which cause serious bodily harm. It should not apply to lower classes of felonies that are non- violent in nature. (Murrain’s Roberts, 2009, â€Å"Chapter 16, Habitual Offender Statutes†) Sentence enhancements are guidelines for what were originally career criminals but later focused on crime committed with guns. This statute also applies to crimes that are sexual in nature. Drug convictions are included in sentence enhancement. This is the most controversial because drug offenders make up the majority of the inmate population in the country. The enhancement law affects the sentencing according to type of crime that is committed. The enhancement law does not affect the first time offender who uses a weapon but affects sentencing for all subsequent offenses. The drug enhancement law is applied for quantity, location, age of the person who the offender sold the drugs to, and the type of drug. Offenders that commit crimes frequently are also subjected to enhanced sentencing criterion. (Murrain’s Roberts, 2009, â€Å"Chapter 16, † Sentence Enhancement†). Certain sentencing disqualifies certain offenders from articulating in programs that require the interaction with community programs. Conviction for sexual crimes, murder, and alcohol offenses that result in loss of life, and certain drug offenses, (distribution or selling) prevents the offenders to be released to halfway houses and work release programs. The community members and the prison administration consider the risk too great a threat for these offenders to interact with the community. These offenders are released into a minimum- security facility because they require more supervision because of the nature of their crimes. Murrain’s Roberts, 2009, â€Å"Chapter 16, Restricted Housing†). Financial considerations are forcing the government and prison officials to look at alternative solutions that would mitigate sending offenders to Jail. Determinate sentences mitigate the use of parole of because offenders serve the mandatory minimum sentence, which meet the standard in regard for parole. Some states like Alabama eliminate parole because they satisfy their sentence requirement by requiring inmates to serve at least the mandatory minimum for their offenses. The cost to house offenders is not sustainable. There is already double the number of offenders serving alternative sanctions as compared to those who are incarcerated. The rate of incarceration is increasing at an astounding rate. The amount of criminals that are sent to prison is so overwhelming that the prison system is forced to release large numbers of non-violent inmates to make room for the new offenders. There is regard to enhanced sentencing. There are thousands of criminals serving life without parole sentences for non-violent offenses. The cost is astronomical to maintain inmates for the duration of their natural lives. Politicians are convinced that is the responsibility of the state and federal government to rehabilitate felons. This means financially too. According to A Living Death Life Without Parole For Nonviolent Crimes (2013), † 3,278 prisoners are serving LOOP for drug, property, and other nonviolent crimes in the United States as of 2012†³, (V. Findings: The use of Life Without Parole for Nonviolent Offenders). Conclusion There is one thing that remains a constant in regard to sentencing enhancement and other sentencing criterion. The costs are not sustainable to the state and federal governments. These ideas appear to deter crime, but the result of these laws has not deterred crime at all. The correction system has seen an increase in the number of incarcerations. There has to be clear and concise language regarding what type of felony is required to subject criminals to enhanced sentencing. First time offenders with non-violent offences should not be sentenced to LOOP. The corrections system and the government must find solutions to stop the rise of the prison population and not subject its citizens to this sentencing criterion without exceptions to the law. The age of the prison population is rising. Older inmates need more extensive medical treatment and modifications to the prison structures to eliminate hardship in accessing areas of the prison facility. Community sanctions are needed for non- violent prisoners to help them become productive members of society and earn a decent wage. There was little warning that a large prison population would become such a serious financial burden to the state and federal governments. America is considered the most civilized country in the free world. The prison population is not indicative of the term civilized, and is an embarrassment to the citizens of this great action. There will always a segment of criminals that need to be locked away, especially those who commit violent crimes. The government needs to concentrate on this segment of inmates and find a viable plan as to not apply enhanced sanctions on non-violent offenders. References: A Living Death Life Without Parole for Nonviolent Crimes. (2013). Retrieved from HTTPS://www. UCLA. Org/files/assets/111213a-loop-complete-report. PDF Murrain’s, R. , Roberts, A. R. (2009). Visions for Change. Crime and Justice in the Twenty- First Century (5th deed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection Database. How to cite Corrections Trend Evaluation, Papers